Presentation by
DAVID AKPAN, AMInstTA
INTRODUCTION
In the fast-paced and interconnected world of air travel, airports play a critical role in facilitating the movement of passengers and goods across the globe. However, amid the hustle and bustle, emergencies can arise, posing significant risks to life, property, and the smooth functioning of airport operations. One of such emergencies that airports may encounter is a fire involving facilities.
A fire involving airport facilities refers to any blaze that occurs within the buildings, structures, or other areas of an airport. These fires can occur in various areas within the airport premises, such as terminals, hangars, control tower, maintenance facilities, fuel storage areas, cargo warehouses, and other essential structures. They can be caused by a range of factors, including electrical malfunctions, equipment failures, fuel leaks, human errors, or even deliberate acts of arson. Regardless of the cause, it is imperative for airports to be well-prepared to handle such emergencies swiftly and effectively. When a fire erupts within an airport facility, it presents unique challenges and complexities that demand immediate and coordinated response efforts. The safety of passengers, airport personnel, and the protection of critical infrastructure become paramount concerns. Timely and effective actions are crucial to minimize the spread of the fire, ensure the safe evacuation of individuals, and limit the potential damage to the airport’s operations.
Airports typically have well-established emergency response plans in place, which outline the roles, responsibilities, and procedures to be followed during such incidents. These plans involve close collaboration between airport management, fire departments, law enforcement agencies, and other relevant stakeholders. Specialized firefighting equipment, advanced detection and suppression systems, and well-trained emergency response teams are essential components in mitigating and controlling fires within airport facilities. The response to an airport fire involving facilities often requires a multi-disciplinary approach, incorporating the expertise of firefighters, paramedics, incident commanders, and various support personnel. Effective communication and coordination between all parties involved are crucial for a successful response, enabling the implementation of evacuation protocols, establishment of incident command centers, and the mobilization of necessary resources.
While prevention and proactive measures, such as regular inspections, maintenance, and fire safety training are crucial in minimizing the likelihood of such incidents, the reality is that emergencies can still occur. Therefore, airports must remain vigilant, regularly reviewing and updating their emergency response plans to adapt to new challenges and technologies, ensuring the highest level of safety and security for all those within their premises. In summary, a fire involving facilities within an airport presents a severe and potentially catastrophic emergency; and the prompt and coordinated response efforts of trained personnel, supported by robust emergency plans and resources, are essential for minimizing the impact of such incidents and safeguarding the well-being of all individuals within the airport environment.
STRUCTURAL FIRE AT THE AIRPORT: CAUSES AND PREVENTIVE MEASURES
Structural fires at the airport can have devastating consequences due to the potential loss of life, damage to property, and disruption of operations; and understanding the causes of such fires and implementing preventive measures is crucial for ensuring the safety and security of airport facilities.
Some established causes of structural fire at the airport and preventive measures are:
- Electrical Malfunctions
Electrical faults such as short circuits, overloaded circuits, equipment failures or faulty wiring, can lead to fires. These can occur in lighting systems, electrical panels, control rooms, or other electrical equipment. Electrical faults can result in an electrical fire, affecting aerodrome structures/facilities. Electrical fires can indeed be caused by a variety of factors, including fake electrical appliances (e.g., substandard chargers).
- Full Spills and Leaks
Airports handle large quantities of fuel for aircraft. Accidental fuel spills or leaks from aircraft, fuel storage areas, or refueling operations can create a fire hazard.
- Human Errors
Accidental actions by airport staff, passengers and other users.
- Negligence
Failure to follow established safety protocols and procedures can result in fire accidents. Negligent actions such as improper storage of flammable materials, careless handling of equipment, or inadequate maintenance of electrical systems can increase the risk of fires.
- Arson and Sabotage
Deliberate acts of arson or sabotage by individuals with malicious intent can pose a significant threat to airport facilities.
- Cooking Facilities and Restaurants
Airports have numerous dining establishments that include cooking facilities. Kitchen fires, grease buildup, or faulty equipment can lead to fires in these areas.
- Maintenance Activities
Construction, renovation, or maintenance work in the airport involves the use of tools, welding equipment, and flammable materials. If not conducted with proper precautions, these activities can cause fires.
- Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) Systems
Malfunctioning or improperly maintained HVAC systems can generate sparks or overheat, which may ignite fires within the airport premises.
- Smoking
Smoking in prohibited areas or improper disposal of cigarette butts can ignite flammable materials, leading to fires. If smoking policies are not strictly enforced or if designated smoking areas are not properly designed or equipped, it can contribute to fire incidents.
- Natural Causes
Although less common, fires can also result from natural causes such as lightning strikes, wildfires, or extreme weather conditions.
- Lack of Training and Awareness
Insufficient training or awareness among airport staff regarding fire safety measures can be a significant factor. If employees are not adequately trained to respond to fire emergencies or lack awareness of potential fire hazards, it can contribute to the likelihood and severity of fire incidents.
PREVENTIVE MEASURES
👏 Install fire detection and suppression systems
👏 Carry out regular inspections and maintenance
👏 Provide regular trainings and education system
👏 Implement strict smoking policies
👏 Ensure adequate wiring and appropriate electrical systems
👏 Ensure proper separation of flammable materials
👏 Maintain a robust perimeter security system
👏 Develop and regularly update Fire Safety Plan and Emergency Evacuation Procedures
👏 Maintain adequate staffing
👏 Comply with fire codes and regulations
CONCLUSION
Remember, each airport may have specific considerations and requirements based on its size, infrastructure, and location. Consulting with fire safety experts and relevant authorities will provide valuable guidance in implementing appropriate preventive measures against structural fires in airports.
REFERENCES
- ICAO Airport Safety – https://www.icao.int/safety/airports
- ICAO- Doc 9137: Airport services manual (Part 7 Emergency Planning)
- Doc 9691: Airport Emergency Planning Manual
- Agency for Air Navigation Safety in Africa & Madagascar (ASECNA) – Emergency management
- Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) – https://www.faa.gov
- National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) – Airport Fire Safety https://www.nfpa.org/airports
- Clmfireproofing.com
- Gatwick Fire – manuals
